SharePoint 2013 introduces a new mechanism for custom code deployment known
as "Apps". Mostly targeted at online solutions, the purpose of the App model is
to overcome the severe limitations of the 2010 isolated execution model (also
known as the "Sandbox") and provide developers with a way to run rich web
applications in SharePoint without negatively impacting the underlying
infrastructure. Much has already been made about this new model and a lot more
will be written about it over the coming year as 2013 gets released and adoption
spreads. Before we get too far off the beaten track into a debate about whether
or not developers should or should not be using the new App model, it's helpful
to first understand why Microsoft chose this path and what it really means for
both new application developers coming onto the platform and existing developers
who need to support the next release.
Background
At its core, SharePoint has always been an application platform. While it has
been possible since 2001 to create custom components for SharePoint (does anyone
even remember digital dashboards?), it wasn't until the 2003 release of Windows
SharePoint Services that developers really began to take notice of the
capabilities that the platform offered. In those days, custom code was pretty
much confined to web parts, with some limited interaction with deeper system
layers. Due to the complexities of code deployment and lifecycle management,
mostly due to lack of good tooling, custom production code in SharePoint wasn't
all that common. Nevertheless, it was at this point that some real weaknesses
began to appear in the structure, namely that one bit of bad code could
effectively bring the system to a standstill. In most cases, this was relegated
to a single page being inoperable due to a misbehaving web part but in some
instances things like malfunctioning event receivers could wreak havoc
throughout an entire deployment...
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